What the question involves
A Roth conversion moves money from a pre-tax account to a Roth account and is taxed as income in the year you do it. It can pay off when the tax now is lower than the tax later, which is often the case in the years between retiring and required withdrawals, which start at 75 for anyone born in 1960 or later (73 for 1951–1959). In 2026 a married couple filling the 12% bracket can have up to $100,800 of taxable income ($50,400 single), and the 22% bracket runs to $211,400 ($105,700 single), on top of a standard deduction of $32,200 ($16,100).
What this tool computes
Four versions of your plan: no conversions, and conversions each year that fill the 12%, 22% or 24% bracket from retirement until required withdrawals begin. For each: median lifetime tax, median ending net worth and how often the money lasts, all in today’s dollars and on the same simulated markets.
Every answer is a real run of the full simulator, on 1,000 simulated market paths in your browser. Nothing you type is sent anywhere.
What it leaves out
State income tax is off, and future tax law is assumed to stay as it is now (indexed for inflation). Conversions also raise income for Medicare premiums and marketplace subsidies. The simulation charges both, but this page reports only the totals.
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This page explains how the rules work. It is not financial, tax or investment advice. Disclaimer